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Cisco Security Advisory

Cisco IOS ARP Table Overwrite Vulnerability

Severity
Advisory ID:
cisco-sa-20011115-ios-arp-overwrite
First Published:
2001 November 15 16:00 GMT
Version 1.3:
Final
CVE-2001-0895
CWE-399
CVE-2001-0895
CWE-399

Summary

  • It is possible to send an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packet on a local broadcast interface (for example, Ethernet, cable, Token Ring, FDDI) which could cause a router or switch running specific versions of Cisco IOS® Software Release to stop sending and receiving ARP packets on the local router interface. This will in a short time cause the router and local hosts to be unable to send packets to each other. ARP packets received by the router for the router's own interface address but a different Media Access Control (MAC) address will overwrite the router's MAC address in the ARP table with the one from the received ARP packet. This was demonstrated to attendees of the Black Hat conference and should be considered to be public knowledge. This attack is only successful against devices on the segment local to the attacker or attacking host.

    This vulnerability is documented in Cisco Bug ID CSCdu81936, and a workaround is available.

    The complete notice will be available at https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20011115-ios-arp-overwrite.

Affected Products

  • This section provides details on affected products.

    Vulnerable Products

    The following products are affected if they run a software release that has the defect.

    To determine if a Cisco product is running an affected IOS, log in to the device and issue the command show version. Cisco IOS software will identify itself as "Internetwork Operating System Software" or "IOS (tm)" software and will display a version number. Other Cisco devices either will not have the command show version, or will give different output. Compare the version number obtained from the router with the versions presented in the Software Versions and Fixes section below.

    Cisco devices that may be running with affected IOS software releases include:

    • Cisco routers in the AGS/MGS/CGS/AGS+, IGS, RSM, 800, ubr900, 1000, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 2500, 2600, 3000, 3600, 3800, 4000, 4500, 4700, AS5200, AS5300, AS5800, 6400, 7000, 7200, ubr7200, 7500, and 12000 series
    • Most recent versions of the LS1010 ATM switch
    • Catalyst 2900XL and 3500XL LAN switches
    • Catalyst 2950 LAN switch
    • Catalyst 3550 switch
    • Catalyst 2948G-L3 & 4908G-L3
    • Catalyst 4000 Layer 3 services module (WS-X4232-L3)
    • Catalyst 5000 RSM/RSFC
    • Catalyst 6000 MSFC
    • Catalyst 6000 running native IOS
    • Catalyst 8500 MSR/CSR
    • Cisco DistributedDirector

    Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable

    If you are not running Cisco IOS software, you are not affected by this vulnerability.

    Cisco products that do not run Cisco IOS software and are not affected by this defect include, but are not limited to:

    • 700 series dialup routers (750, 760, and 770 series) are not affected.
    • WAN switching products in the IGX and BPX lines are not affected.
    • The MGX (formerly known as the AXIS shelf) is not affected.
    • No host-based software is affected.
    • The Cisco PIX Firewall is not affected.
    • The Cisco LocalDirector is not affected.
    • The Cisco Cache Engine is not affected.
    • The Catalyst 2901/2902, 2948G, 2980G, 4000, 5000, and 6000 switches running CatOS.

    No other Cisco products are currently known to be affected by these vulnerabilities.

Details

  • ARP packets, both request and reply, received by the router for the router's own interface address or global Network Address Translation (NAT) entries, but with a different MAC address, will overwrite the router's MAC address in the router's ARP table with the one in the ARP request or reply. Cisco IOS router devices will defend the MAC address of an interface for several attempts, but in an attempt to prevent an ARP storm, the device will accept the incorrect information into the ARP table, which causes the interface to stop accepting new ARP entries, and entries will not be accepted or updated in the ARP table. This behavior has been repaired to properly defend the interface MAC address, with rate limiting the response to avoid an ARP storm on the local network. This attack can only be carried out from the local network. This defect also impacts HSRP virtual interfaces. This defect is documented in Cisco Bug ID CSCdu81936 and is repaired in future versions of Cisco IOS code. This defect is duplicated by the following Cisco Bug ID's: CSCdv83509, CSCdv63206, CSCdv77242, CSCdv77220, CSCdu85209. Additionally, a configuration workaround is available.

Workarounds

  • The workaround for this vulnerability is to enter the router interface MAC address into the arp table with a configuration entry, sometimes known as "hard coding" the ARP table entry.

    The syntax for this command for routers and switches running IOS is as follows: 

    arp

    The caveat to this workaround is identified with defect CSCdv04366, which will clear all manually entered MAC addresses from the ARP table, when they are the same as the interface MAC address, when the command "clear arp" is issued on the router. This workaround does not survive a reboot of the router, and must be re-written to the configuration after any reload or reboot.

Fixed Software

  • Each row of the table describes a release train and the platforms or products for which it is intended. If a given release train is vulnerable, then the earliest possible releases that contain the fix and the anticipated date of availability for each are listed in the Rebuild, Interim, and Maintenance columns. A device running any release in the given train that is earlier than the release in a specific column (less than the earliest fixed release) is known to be vulnerable, and it should be upgraded at least to the indicated release or a later version (greater than the earliest fixed release label).

    When selecting a release, keep in mind the following definitions:

    Maintenance

    Most heavily tested and highly recommended release of any label in a given row of the table.

    Rebuild

    Constructed from the previous maintenance or major release in the same train, it contains the fix for a specific defect. Although it receives less testing, it contains only the minimal changes necessary to effect the repair.

    Interim

    Built at regular intervals between maintenance releases and receives less testing. Interims should be selected only if there is no other suitable release that addresses the vulnerability, and interim images should be upgraded to the next available maintenance release as soon as possible. Interim releases are not available via manufacturing, and usually they are not available for customer download from CCO without prior arrangement with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC).

    In all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, contact the Cisco TAC for assistance, as shown in the following section.

    More information on Cisco IOS software release names and abbreviations is available at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/620/1.html.

    Major Release

    Description or Platform

    Availability of Repaired Releases*

    Affected Earlier Releases

    Rebuild

    Interim**

    Maintenance

    11.1 and earlier, all variants

    Numerous

    Upgrade to repaired release or use workaround

    11.2-based Releases

    Rebuild

    Interim**

    Maintenance

    11.2

    Major release for all platforms

    Not affected after 11.2(13)

    11.2P

    New platform support

    Not affected after 11.2(12)P

    11.3-based Releases

    Rebuild

    Interim**

    Maintenance

    11.3

    Major release for all platforms

    Not affected after 11.3(3)

    11.3T

    Early deployment major release, feature-rich for early adopters

    Not affected after 11.3(3)

    12.0-based Releases

    Rebuild

    Interim**

    Maintenance

    12.0

    General Deployment (GD) candidate: all platforms

    12.0(19.6)

    12.0DA

    xDSL support: 6100, 6200

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2DA

    12.0DB

    Early deployment release for 6400 NSP

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1T or later

    12.0DC

    Early deployment release for 6400 NRP

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2(2)B when available

    12.0S

    Core/ISP support: GSR, RSP, c7200

    12.0(21)S 2002-Jan-14

    12.0SC

    Cable/broadband ISP: ubr7200

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1EC, or use workaround

    12.0SL

    10000 ESR: c10k

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.0ST, or use workaround

    12.0SP

    c10720

    12.0(20)SP

    To Be Announced

    12.0ST

    MPLS/Tag Switching, GSR 12000, 7200, 7500

    12.0(20)ST 2001-Nov-26

    12.0T

    Early Deployment(ED): VPN, Distributed Director, various platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0W5

    Catalyst switches: cat8510c, cat8540c, ls1010, cat8510m, cat8540m, cat5atm

    12.0(20)W5(24)

    2002-Jan-07

    Catalyst switches: cat2948g-L3, cat4232

    12.0(18)W5(22a)

    2001-Dec-1

    Catalyst switches: c6msm

    12.0(16)W5(21b)

    2001-Nov-29

    12.0WC

    Catalyst 2900xl

    12.0(5)WC3 2002-Jan

    12.0WT

    Catalyst switches: cat4840g

    Not affected

    12.0XA

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XB

    Short-lived early deployment release

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XC

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XD

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XE

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)E, available 2001-Dec-10

    12.0XF

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XG

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XH

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XI

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XJ

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XK

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XL

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XM

    Short-lived early deployment release

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XN

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XP

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Workaround recommended

    12.0XQ

    Short-lived early deployment release

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XR

    Short-lived early deployment release

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)

    12.0XS

    Short-lived early deployment release

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)E, available 2001-DEC-10

    12.0XU

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended or use workaround

    12.0XV

    Short-lived early deployment release

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1-based Releases

    Rebuild

    Interim**

    Maintenance

    12.1

    General Deployment (GD) candidate: all platforms

    12.1(10.3)

    12.1(11)

    12.1AA

    Dial Support

    12.1(10)AA 2001-Nov-12

    12.1DA

    xDSL Support: 6100, 6200

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2.T

    12.1DB

    Cisco 6400 Universal Access Concentrator

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2(2)B when available

    12.1DC

    xDSL NRP support: c6400r

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2(2)B when available

    12.1E

    Core/ISP Support: GSR, RSP, c7200

    12.1(11)E 2001-DEC-10

    Catalyst 6000

    12.1(08a)E05

    12.1EA

    Catalyst 2950

    12.1(6)EA2 2001-Dec

    Catalyst 3550

    12.1(6)EA1a 2001-DEC

    12.1EC

    Early Deployment (ED): ubr7200, UBR Headend platforms

    12.1(8.5)EC

    12.1(9)EC

    12.1EX

    Catalyst 6000

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.1(11)E

    12.1EY

    Catalyst 8510, 8540, LS1010

    Not Affected

    12.1EZ

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(6)EZ4 2001-Nov-02

    12.1T

    New technology Early Deployment (ED): all platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XA

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XB

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XC

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XD

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XE

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XF

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(2)XF5 2002-Jan

    12.1XG

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(3)XG6 2002-Jan

    12.1XH

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XI

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XJ

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XK

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XL

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2

    12.1XM

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(5)XM6 2001-Dec-03

    12.1XP

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2(2)T

    12.1XQ

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2(2)T

    12.1XR

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2(7)T

    12.1XS

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XC1 2001-DEC-3

    12.1XT

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Unavailable

    Upgrade recommended to 12.2(7)T

    12.1XU

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Not affected

    12.1XV

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XB2 2001-DEC-17

    12.2(2)XB2 2001-DEC-17

    12.1XW

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(11)

    12.1XX

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(11)

    12.1YA

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XB

    12.1YB

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(5)YB5 2002-Jan

    12.1YC

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(5)YC2 2002-Jan

    12.1YD

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Migrate to 12.2(7)T

    12.1YE

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(5)YE4 2001-Nov-19

    12.1YF

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.1(5)YF3 2001-Nov

    12.1YH

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    Not Affected

    Affected 12.2-based Releases

    Rebuild

    Interim**

    Maintenance

    12.2

    General Deployment (GD) candidate: all platforms

    12.2(4.2)

    12.2(5)

    12.2DD

    7200, 7400

    12.2(2)DD1 2001-Nov-19

    12.2T

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(7)T 2002-Feb

    12.2XA

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XA4 2001-Dec-3

    12.2XB

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XB2 2001-Dec-17

    12.2XC

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XC1 2001-DEC-3

    12.2XD

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(1)XD3 2002-Jan

    12.2XE

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(1)XE2 2002-Jan

    12.2XG

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XG1 2001-DEC-17

    12.2XH

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XH2 2002-Jan

    12.2XI

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2XJ

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XJ2 2002-Jan

    12.2XK

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XK5 2002-Jan

    12.2XQ

    Early Deployment (ED): limited platforms

    12.2(2)XQ2 2002-Jan

    Notes

    * All dates are estimated and subject to change.

    ** Interim releases are subjected to less rigorous testing than regular maintenance releases, and may have serious bugs.

    *** This release does not have a rebuild solution. Customers should upgrade to 12.2T when it becomes available. This is not a misprint.

Exploitation and Public Announcements

  • This vulnerability was disclosed at the Black Hat conferences in Las Vegas this year by Kevin DePeugh and Jeff Nathan . There have been isolated reports of exploitation of this vulnerability, and workarounds implemented circumvented the attacks. This attack is known as the "Sonic Boom," and tools are readily available.

Cisco Security Vulnerability Policy

  • To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco.

Subscribe to Cisco Security Notifications

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Revision History

  • Revision 1.3

    2002-July-22

    Updates to Software Versions and Fixes section.

    Revision 1.2

    2001-December-18

    Updates to Summary, Affected Products, Impact, Software Versions and Fixes, and Workaround sections.

    Revision 1.1

    2001-November-21

    Release table updates

    Revision 1.0

    2001-November-15

    For public release 15-NOV-2001 08:00 AM US/Pacific (UTC-0700)

    Show Less

Cisco Security Vulnerability Policy

  • To learn about Cisco security vulnerability disclosure policies and publications, see the Security Vulnerability Policy. This document also contains instructions for obtaining fixed software and receiving security vulnerability information from Cisco.

Subscribe to Cisco Security Notifications

Action Links for This Advisory

Related to This Advisory